On January 12, 2004, the Supreme Court issued its National Security Studies v. Justice Department opinion. This litigation, brought under the a First Amendment free speech theory, involved the efforts of 23 news organizations and media groups, including the Associated Press, to require the government to release names and details regarding approximately 762 foreigners, mostly Arab and Muslim men, detained as "special interest" cases in the weeks and months after September 11, 2001. The Court determined that the government's national security considerations in keeping the information secret prevailed over the First amendment free press considerations.